Charge forming device for internal-combustion engines



July 22, 1930. c, SHAMBUN 1,771,356

CHARGE FORMING DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed NOV. 29, 1926 5'Sheets-Sh99t l gwumto'a HHITVEYCSHAMBL //v July 22, 1930. H. c. SHAMBLIN 1,771,355

CHARGE FDR "INC? DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES,

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 29, 1926 July 22, 1930. 1,771,356

CHARGE FORMING DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES H. c. SHAMBLIN 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Nov. 29, 1926 Patented July 22, 1930 i HARVEY o. SHAMIBLIN, OEVMIAMI, OKLAHOMA enema -wa Dawes oe remnant-commen e ENG NES Applicatiomfiled November 29, 1e2e. Serial in. 151,531.

This invention relates to charge forming devices. for internal combustion engines. a

- An important object of the invention is to provide a device of the character referred to which is adapted to transform liquid fuel into a perfectly dry gas whereby efficient combustion is obtained.

i wherein the supply of fuel is to varying engine speeds.

A further obj ect, i to provide a charge a forming device wherein the supply of fuel to i the chamber in which it is mixed with air to a support combustion is accomplished by a mechanical pumping action.

Afurther oh ectis to, prov de means for.

. simultaneously varying the fuel and air supplied to the engine according to the position of the throttle.

A further object is t c provide means for accomplishing the complete gasification of fuel of widely Varying properties and to secure a thorough admixture of such gasified fuels with theproper proportion of; air to. i support combustion,

I a A further object, is toprovide a substantially perfect fuel mixture immediately after theengine is started. l

1 ur her bj c is o Pr e means so simultaneously varying the fuel and am sup- 7 plied to the engine, and to provideindependently adjustable fuel and air regulating means whereby the proportions of" fuel and air may be varied according to varying fuels and temperature conditions.

.A further object is to utilize, a small proportion ofthe inert exhaust gases-for assista ing in the gasification of the heavier constituents of the fuel. v A further object is to utilize the velocity of the explosive gases for pumping the fuel and for efiicientlyagitatingjthe latter whereby it a a t arm hi hly o atil a he ebi e and teem-g e i th invene i l be ame an i f e f l i in es rirti e- 1 n the drawi s.- ave Shawn ae e1 diment of theii iyen iena I th e ing,

,d a Figure li a plan V ew of t e dy e showem times he w re mea sofa screw22 l ing it attached to shown in section,

Figure 2is a side elevation, Figure 3 is a detail perspective of the fuel agi ato a Figure at is a vertical section taken substantially on linetet of Figure l, g A further object is to provide such a device 7 proportioned Figure 5 is a-section on line 5-5 of Figure l, a

v Figure 6 is a plan viewof the fuel impeller,

igu Figure 2, A I i i v v Figure 8 is a similar View online 88 of "Figure 2,

Figure 9 iisia similar view on line 9+9 of Figure2, a a

Figurel"10 is a detail perspectiveof portions of the operating mechanism, and,

V Figure 11 is a similar view of a portionof the air regulating means. Referring to the drawings, the numeral 10 designates an internal combustion engine provided with intake-and exhaust passages 11 and 12 respectively communicatingiwith the 7V is a section on line 77 of cylinders of the engine. A combined intake and exhaust manifold 13 is arranged against an engine, parts being the-side of the engine, the intake passages of r the manifoldcemmumcatin'g with the pas- Sages 11 Whi exhau Pas age f the manifold communicate with the passages 12. j

The manifold is provided with a lower portion 14 into which the gas is initially admitted, and the exhaust gases are adapted to be discharged to the usual muffler through anexhaust pipe 15. i r

The charge forming device forming the subject matter of thepresent invention com p is p efe b y Ca t le 116 h i g a c v P a 1' ecu d g i s t uppet fa Liq d u l pplied to t char e arm ng.

de se h i rh Pip 18 eenn cted teasuita b e source Qi' supply n adap ed; oe upply fi e -e e tiea ly'e emli e masses we e vided'at its upper end with a cheelg'valve 2D. Th pring 2 te nally enets heralre 20,-

.efterresees the alv 210 1. 1 ma e o li sie were fue les ee dewn a y sh a Pa sag 3 and t enc ht egl 'l 're' eeeeze sense-t d" therewi ht a a n h ee'si e 9 he 'pring is ad u tab e b loo 28 which is adapted to be secured'in proper position by a lock nut 29'. The upper end of the shaft similarly contacts with a vertically adjustable screw 30 provided with a lock nut 31. The shaft 27 obviously is provided with bearings formed int-heblock .16, and rotation of the shaftis accomplished by the rotation of a turbine wheel 32 keyed or otherwise secured to the shaft. 1 1

'Ahorizontal passage 33 communicates at 5 one end with the'upper end of the pump chamber {1116 at its opposite end with a downwardly extendlng passage 34, and 'the supply of fuel to the passage34 1S governed by a valve 35 carried by fth'elower end of a stem 36 which is slidable in a suitableopening provided in the block 16 and cover plate 17. The upper end of the stem 36 isprovided with a substantially U-shaped head 37, the opposite arms ofwhich'areprovided with slots through which a small bolt 39 extends. @This bolt is adapted tobe'secured in selected positions 1n the slot 38, for a purposetdbedescribed, and extends through a s'lot'4'0 formed Y in an operating rod 41. "'The latter rod is pivotally connected as at42 with an upstanding rod 43 which may be threaded into the The block 16 is provided with a depending portion 44 having a casing 45secure dto its lower end to provide an agitator chamber 46.

pipe-"47 communicates at its upper end with the passage34and at its lowerend with the mixing chamber. 'An agitator 48 I is mounted within the chamber 46 The agitar, tor as shown in'Figure 3, 1s provided in its upper and outer fac'es'with grooves or slots 49 and. 50 respectively, for a purpose to be de- 7 scribed; It will beapparent thatfuel from face of the agitatorand fuel passes outward- 1y from the agitator chamber through an ope'ning51. A shaft .52 is keyed or otherwise secured to theagitator and is joui'naled in the depending portion 44' of the'block 16 A turbine wheel 53 is secured to the shaft 52 to, effect rotation of the agitatorin a manner to be described. The shaft 52-is adapted -,to be adjustable by a screw 54fproyidedwith H a lock nut'55 engaging the upper faceo'f the ;cover; plate 1 7. p i U Means is provided for rotating-theturbine wheels 32 and 53I ,As shown in Figure 9,

F' theu'p pe'r end of the block 16is providedwith communicating pockets 56 andifi Tinwhichi providcd' with diametrically" opposite trunthe wheels 32 and 53 are arranged,respectively. One side "of the block isprovided' with The block a pipe60 extends into each of the exhaust passages" 12 through the manifold 13, and

each pipe 60 is connected to a small manifold 61 which in turn communicates with the pipe 59. The opposite side of the block 16 is provided with an outlet passage 62 which communicates through a pipe 63 with the exhaust manifold to return exhaust gases thereto. v V

16 is provided with a substantially horizontal passage 64 one end of which communicates with the pocket 56 as shown in Figure 4; The opposite end of the passage 64 communicates with a vertical passage 65, and the lower end of thelatter passage communicates with the interior of the casing 45 through a pipe 66. Thus it will be apparcut that a small proportion of the exhaust gases will be supplied to the casing 45 as long as the engine is in operation.

'As shown in Figure '4, a casing 67 surrounds the chamber 45 and communicates therewith through the "opening 51. The top 68 of the casing'is secured to the block 16 by screws or the like 69. The actual mixing of the fuel'and air takes place within the easing'67, and-the"combustible mixture is supplied to the intake manifold through an intake-pipe 7 O as shown in Figure 8. The passage of'combust ble mixture through this pipe is controlled by athrottle valve 71 carried by a shaft 72;" V

The lower end of the casing 67 communicatcs with an air pipe 73 through which air is supplied to the' casingf67. 'A suitable valve I 74 is arranged in the pipe 73 to control the passage of air therethrough, and this valve mounted'upon ashaft 75. Referring to Figure 2,;the pipe 731s provided with an extension 76 which communicates at its end I p p with a-"hot air stove 77 surrounding the exthe pipe 47 will be discharged upon the upper I haust pipe 15 whereby air passing into the end of the extension 76 will be heated. It has seen found that advantageous results may be obtained'by heating air prior to its mixture with fuel, but the air cannot be too highly heated withoutsacrificing power since the explosive mixture is too greatlyexpanded.

Accordinglyl provide means for admitting a small proportion of, relativelyv cool air) to prevent the temperature of the explosive mix- :tu're'from beingraised to too high a point.

As shown in detail in Figure 8; the pipe 73 is provided with a plurality of openings 78 adapted to be governed by a sliding sleeve 7 9 surroundingthe pipe 7 3, 'The sleeve 79 is nions'SQ "adapted to be engaged byforks' 81 "carried bya vertically extending shaft 82."

The connectio bet een the forks 81 and shaft82is preferably througha collar83, and this collar may be secured at selected points on the shaft 82 by means of a set screw 84. The shaft is provided with a horizontal extension carrying a fork 86 at its free end. This fork is adapted to receive a trunnion 87 carried by an adjusting collar 88 securedin desired positions on the rod 82 by a set screw 89. It will be apparent that vertical movement of the rod 82 is adaptedto rock the valve 7 4 and to slide the sleeve 7 9, the latter acting as a valve to control the passage of relatively cool air into thepipe 73.

Adjacent its upper end, the rod 82 is provided with a transverse pin90 which extends into slots 91 formed in the forked free ends of the operatingmember 41, as shown in Figure 7. The upper extremity of the rod 82 is provided with a relatively large eye 91which receives a laterally extending arm 92 carried by a rock shaft 93. This rock shaft is jour "nalleol in bearings 94 formed in the upper ends of supports 95, the-latter being secured at any desired points. The rock shaft 93 is connected in any suitable manner with the throttle lever or accelerator pedal of the vehicle, as will be apparent. The shaft 7 2 of the throttle valve is provided with an arm 96 secured thereto by a set screw or the like 97 as shownin Figure 7. A collar 98 is adjustable on the rod 82 and is provided with trunbine wheel 32 and then theexhaust gases pass on into the pocket 57 to rotate the turbine Wheel 58. The exhaust gases utilized i'nrotating the turbine wheel pass back into the exhaust manifold through the pipe 63'. Rota" tion of the turbine wheel 32 obviously drlves the impeller 26, thuscreating a depressionin the passages 23 and 24 to cause the check valve 20 to lift. Liquid fuel thus will be pumped through the passages 3.3 and 34 and will be discharged intothe agitating chainber 46. The quantity of fuel supplie'd to the agitating, chamber will be governed bytheposition of the valve 35, andthe' latter is regulatedbynioveinent of the operating member 41,- asjt'vill be apparent. fuel discharged has theehamber 46 strikes th upper faeeof the agitator wheel 48v and is thrown outward 1y y; centrifugal force by the upper grooves 49 The agitator Wheel Serves to greatly agitate the liquid fuel to gasify it and discharge it into the casing 67 through the opening 51.

Simultaneously with this action, a small proportion of the exhaust gaseswill flow into the agitator chamber through passages 64 and 65, and pipe 66. It will be apparent that the block 16 will be maintained at a fairly Y high temperature, and this temperatureis sufli'cient to vaporize or gasify the lighter constituents of the fuel. The fuel, upon being mixed with a small percentage of exhaust ,gases within the chamber46 is further broken down, the exhaust gases serving to assist in the gasnicatron of the heavier duel constltu- .entsl Thus it will be apparent that a dry gas Will be discharged through the opening 55, and due to the gasification of the fuel, the gas will pass out of the opening 51 at a fairly high velocity thus causing an agitating action within the casing 67 whereby the incoming air is thoroughly mixed withthe' gas to-form a highly combustible mixture. This mixture passes into the intake manifold through the pipe70, asshown in Figure 8. 1 1

Some of the: air supplied to the easing 67 will be relatively highly heated bypassing through the stove 7 7, and the temperature of this air is maintained at the proper point'by the admission of relativelycool' air into the pipe 73 through openings 78'. Aspreviously stated, theupper end of the rod-"s2 is connected to the operating member41, and accordingly these elements are simultaneously operable. When the-'valve 35,'which controls the passage offuel into the agitating chamber, is opened, the valves ,74 enema/win be opened to a substantially co'rrespondingextent. As also previouslystated, the rod 82 is adapted to be actuatedbythe rocking of the shaft 93, the latter action being controlled "by the driver of the Vehicle throughthe medium of the throttle lever or 'accelerator pedal. It will be apparentthat the movement of the rod 82i s transmitted to; the

throttle valve through the arm 96. If,-inthe operat-ionof the. device, it is found that the explosive mixture is beingtoo greatly expanded due to its, temperature, the screw 84 may be'loosened and the forks 81' moved upwardly, whereby the admissio'nof relatively Q, cool air to the pipe 73 is increasedlf The ad- "miss ion of airintothe casing 67may'becontrolled by changing the position ofthe'collar 88 on the rod82. Ifitis found that anincorrect proportion of liquidfuel is being supplied to the agitatingchamberythe blolt 39 maybe moved to different positions along the slots 38, thus changing thej effective lever lengths of the operating meniber ll vary the opening movement of the valve practice, the impeller 26 is preferably ar ranged below the level of thefiiel'in'the source whereby little pumpiiio'r actionj jis necessary to liftthe valve" 20*and topdsitively supply fuel under-pressure to the agi ieo in said agitating chamber, a turbine connect- 1 ed to saidagitator, and meansfor conveying :exhaust gases from the engine past said turbines toxeife'ct rotation thereof;

j 2. A device constructed in accordance with tating chamber. 'Itwill be obvious that the tension of the spring 21 may be varied according to operating conditions. The ad justing screws 28, 30 and 54: are provided merely to take up play as the moving parts with which they areassociated become worn.

- From the foregoing it will beseen that operation of the throttle lever or accelerator pedal is adapted to transmit motion to the throttle valve, and such motion also is transmitted tothe two air control valves and to the fuel feeding valve, whereby the admission of air and fuel, and the proportion of heated and relatively cool air may be varied according to engine speeds and other operating conditions. The provision of themovable fuel control "alve 35 permits exactly the right proportion of fuel to be supplied for any given engine speed, thus preventing too rich or too lean a mixture from being formed. The addition of the hot inert gas to the agitating chamber through the pipe 66 serves to effectually. gasify the heavier fuel constituents. The resulting explosive mixture is extremely dry and is supplied to the engine at the correct temperature and in correct quantities, the constituents of the mixture being thoroughly commingled whereby an extremely eflicient explosive mixture is provided for all engine speeds. The provision ;of the means for'supplying the hot inert gas to the agitating chamber also serves to providea more eflicient mixture before the engine has had time to become thoroughly'warmed than is usuallythe case, since ordinarily'the proper gasification of the fuel is dependent upon theheat of the exhaust manifold itself,

It is to be understood that'the form of the invention herewith shown and described is to be taken as a preferred example of the same, and that various changes in the shape, size and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the subj oined claims.

I claim we 1. Ina charge forming device for internal combustion engines, a relatively large mixing chamber having an opening for the adni1ssion of air, an" agitating chamber arranged .in said mixing chamber and communicating therewith, means for delivering a portlon of the exhaust gases from theengine to the agitating chamber, a conduit communicating at one'end with said agitating chamber and' nalecombustion engines, :a mixing chamber,

in said conduit and adapted to force fuel therethrough, aturbine wheel connected to said impeller, a rotatable agitatorarranged :claim 1 wherein said agitator comprises a substantially cylindrical member provided in one face adjacent the end of said conduit with aplurality of radial grooves, said agitator being further provided in its curved face with aiplurality of grooves each communicating with one of said radial grooves.

ed to supply fuel thereto, a valve controlling said conduit, an impeller arranged in said condult and adapted. to force fuel therethrough, a turbinewheel connected to said impeller, a rotatable agitator arranged in said agitating chamber, a turbine connected to said agitator, means for conveying exhaust gases from the engine past said turbines to effect rotati-onthereof, andmeans for delivering a portion of theexhaust gases from the engine to said agitating chamber.

4. A device constructed In accordance wlth claim 3 wherein means for conveylng exhaust gases past said turbines includes a pipe having one endadapted to be arranged in the exhaust passage of an englne cylinder.

5. In a charge formlng device for internal combustion engines, a mixing chamber, an ,,a1r plpe communicating with said mixing chamber, a valve, controlling the passage of air through-said pipe, a conduit adapted to supplyfuel to said mixing chamber, a fuel valve adapted to control passage of fuel through said conduit, means for supplying fuel to said conduit, an outlet passage communicating at oneend with said mixing chamber and adaptedto communicate at its other end with the intake manifold of an 7 internal combustion engine, a throttle mounted in said outlet passage, means for supplying heated air to sald a1r pipe, and second air valve arranged between said first named air .valve and said heating means forsupplying .unheate-d air to. sand air pipe, an actuating .member for sand throttle, and connections be tween said actuating member and said air valves and said fuel valve whereby said actuatlng member Wlll. simultaneously operate said. throttle, said fuel valve and said air valves. 4

-6. Ina charge forming device for interan airpipe communicating with said mixing chamber, a valve controlling the passage of .air through said pipe, a.conduit adapted sage communicating atone end with said mixmg chamber and adapted to communicate at its opposite end with the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, a-

throttle mounted in said outlet passage, means for supplying heated air to said air pipe, a second air valve arranged between said firstnamed air valve and said heating means for supplying unheated air to said air pipe, an actuating member for said throttle, connections between said actuating member and said throttle, connections between-said actuating member and said fuel valve, connections between said actuating member and each of said air valves, and means for indidividually adjusting said connections whereby said actuating member will simultaneously operate said throttle, said fuel valve and said air valves.

7. Ina charge forming device for internal combustion engines, a relatively large mixing chamber, a block having 21- depending portion arranged in said mixing chamber, an

agitating chamber carried by the lower end of the depending portion of said block and provided in one wall thereof with an opening communicating with said mixing chamber, an agitator arranged in said agitating chamber, means for delivering a portion of the exhaust gases from the engine to the agitating chamber, a conduit having portions formed in said block and communicating at one end with said agitating chamber, an impeller adapted to supply fuel to said conduit, a fuel valve adapted to control passage of fuel through said conduit, said block being provided with a pair of communicating pockets, a turbine arranged in one pocket and connected to said impeller, a second turbine arranged in the other pocket and connected to said agitator, means'for passing exhaust gases from the engine through said pockets to effect rotation of said turbines, an air pipe communicating with said mixing chamber, an outlet pipe connected at one end to said mixing chamber and adapted to communicate at its opposite end with the intake manifold of the engine, and a throttle arranged in said outlet pipe.

8. A device constructed in accordance with claim 7 provided with means for heating air passing into the end of said air pipe, an air valve arranged in said pipe adjacent said mixing chamber and controlling the passage of air thereinto, a second air valve associated with said pipe and adapted to control the passage of unheated air thereinto, a throttle actuating member, means adjustably connecting said actuating member to said throttle, means for adjustably connecting said actuating member to said air valves, a lever pivotally supported at one end and connected at its opposite end to said actuating member, and means for adjustably connecting said fuel valve to said lever.

9. In a charge forming device for internal combustion engines, a relatively large mixvalve adaptedto control passage of fuel through said conduit, said block being provided with a pair of communicating pockets, a turbine arranged in onepocket and connected to said impeller, a second turbine arranged in the other pocket and connected to said agitator, means for passing exhaust gases from the engine through said pockets to effect rotation of said turbines, an air pipe communicating with said mixing chamber, an outlet pipe connected at one end to said mixing chamber, and adapted to communicate at its opposite end with the intake manifold of the engine, a throttle arranged in said out-let pipe, and a conduit communicating at one end with one of said pockets, and at its opposite end with said agitating chamber, In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

HARVEY C. SHAMBLIN. 

